Introduction
This is another, fairly short, entry into my ongoing series about the Apollo Moon “Hoax” – whether or not NASA really sent astronauts successfully to the moon. The purpose of this post is to address the claim by hoax proponents that the number of photographs returned was way too many for the astronauts to have taken, and so they must be fake.
All posts in this series:
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: An Overview
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: Why Haven’t Any Pictures Been Taken of the Landing Sites?
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: There Is a “Prop Rock” Labeled with a “C” (Updated)
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: Huge, Deadly Temperature Variation Claims
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: “No Stars” Claim and an Explanation of Dynamic Range
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: How Could the Astronauts Take So Many Photographs?
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: Why Is There No Blast Crater Under the Lunar Module?
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: Why Is There No Lunar Dust on the Lander’s Footpads?
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: Footprints Need Water to Form, Right? And How Hoaxers Argue
- The Apollo Moon Hoax: All the Photos Are Way Too Good!
The Facts
On each Apollo mission, there were 3 astronauts. One would stay in the command module (CM) that orbited the moon. Two would descend in the lunar excursion module (LEM) and land on the moon, then return to the CM.
There were 6 successful Apollo missions that comprised a total of 4834 minutes on the moon and took 5771 photographs (the following data is assumed to at least be mostly accurate, though it is taken from a pro-hoax site):
- Apollo 11 ~ 151 minutes
- Apollo 12 ~ 470 minutes
- Apollo 14 ~ 565 minutes
- Apollo 15 ~ 1110 minutes
- Apollo 16 ~ 1214 minutes
- Apollo 17 ~ 1324 minutes
Simple division shows that, with 5771 photographs in 4834 minutes, that they must have taken 1.19 photos per minute, or one photo every 50 seconds. The hoax claim then goes that, with all the other experiments (especially sample return and setting up retroreflectors and seismology equipment), there’s no way this is possible.
Why This Claim Is Faulty
To say that this claim employs faulty reasoning is fairly generous. First off, it employs bad math. Remember … there were two astronauts that were taking pictures! So now we have one photograph per astronaut every 100 seconds. This now makes it seem much less silly.
But let’s go further. This is a case where what’s going on can easily be explained by common sense. Think of your last vacation. If you didn’t have a camera, then think back to someone in your group who did. For me, it was a trip to Italy just 2 weeks ago (which is why I haven’t had many posts in the last few weeks).
On the trip, which I went on with my parents and joined my brother who was already there, we went to a different sight-seeing place every day in the area of the city of Turin. We spent probably 2-4 hrs a day sight-seeing. During that time, I took around 400 photos. Days that I actually had my camera with me were 3. Take 3 hrs times 3 days is 540 minutes. Divide by 400 and I took a photo every 81 seconds. How could I possibly have done anything else!?
The answer (duh) is that I took many photos at once from one location, then walked around and did other stuff, and then took a lot more photos from another location. Often these included up to 30+ photographs per minute when I was taking panoramas. Once you realize this, and take in the actual practicalities of taking pictures when you go someplace, 1 photo every 100 seconds seems like much less of a fantastic feat.
But wait, there’s more! When taking my photos in Turin, I spent a fair amount of time at the beginning of each shot setting it up – figuring out aperture and shutter speed. The Apollo astronauts did not. They knew what to expect for lighting conditions, and they generally used a small aperture (to permit a large depth-of-field). Without weather or an atmosphere to complicate things, they really didn’t need to spend much time – if any – figuring out what shutter speed to use. And for aiming, they used wide-angle lenses and so just pointed their bodies where they wanted to aim.
Wrap-Up
The idea that the astronauts could not have taken a photograph every 50 seconds while on the moon while still doing other things completely ignores 3 things: (1) There were two astronauts to take photos; (2) many photographs were taken from the same location of the same thing or as panoramas, allowing them to be taken in rapid succession; and (3) the astronauts didn’t need much set-up time in determining photograph composition nor exposure settings, as the settings were figured out experimentally before the mission.

The Hoax Believers also like to list all the minutes given for accomplishing various surface tasks, and subtract that from the total surface time, before dividing the photographs taken into the remainder. The chief error here is — documentation was part of those tasks, and part of the task estimations. If the estimate is “40 minutes to get the Rover ready for use,” then that includes whatever time is necessary for one or both astronauts to take pictures of the procedure as they go.
Comment by nomuse — January 20, 2009 @ 1:19 am |
How many photos is that per camera and how many pictures are there on a ‘cassette’ of film. Did they change film cassettes whilst on the moon?
Comment by Mick — July 2, 2009 @ 6:46 am |
Yes, they did, in a way.
They used specially modified versions of Hasselblad medium format cameras, which used more or less the same type of removeable film backs as the conventional Hasselblad models – you pre-load the film backs, then simply insert and remove a dark slide and change the film back while in action. The major modifications to the lunar versions were improved dust seals, larger controls more suitable for operation with heavy gloves, different lens coatings on the primary lens element (the one on the front – internal and rear lens elements were the same) and the bulk film backs were semi-permanently attached to the cameras instead of the typical one or two second manual changeout on earth.
With the regular Hasselblad film backs on earth, you had two main benefits: In the studio, this let you change film types (color neg to B&W to slide, for example) more or less on the fly, without running through the whole roll of film. In the field, this made for rapid film changes without handling 120 or 220 roll film. On the moon, the same benefit, except the film backs didn’t use standard 120 or 220 roll film, they used longer continuous rolls which gave several hundred exposures, and the film backs semi-permanently attached to the camera bodies used during EVAs.
The bulk film back setup was available at the time for terrestrial use (without the semi-permanent attachment mod for lunar use) – they were just heavy and clunky, which made hand-held use on earth very difficult due to the weight. Changing them out by hand was also more difficult due to the weight, bulk and balance, hence the attachment modification for lunar use.
With the lower gravity on the moon, weight and balance wasn’t an issue, and this modification gave several hundred exposures per “roll” of film, with the benefits of no possibility of dust, scratches to the shutter or film transport, dropping film backs, or accidental exposure of used film. There were also versions which used smaller roll film backs for specialty use – i.e. the later UV photos.
The Apollo astronauts didn’t actually handle film changes while on EVAs. When a camera/film back combo was used up or close to used up at the end of an EVA, they simply used an additional camera/film back.
This approach makes complete sense from an engineering and mission planning standpoint. The cost was trivial on the scale of the total program costs, the added weight and space was reasonable, and the two things you couldn’t do on the moon were buy a new camera if yours didn’t work, or shoot retakes. Redundancy and survivability were the critical factors. Virtually nothing in the lunar missions was spontaneous, so pre-planning the number of cameras, film types and number of exposures available for each film type was just one more aspect of mission planning.
Comment by Michael — July 18, 2009 @ 3:33 pm |
Regarding the claim all photos are perfect. This one doesn’t look very perfect:
http://www.apolloarchive.com/apg_thumbnail.php?ptr=317&imageID=AS14-68-9422
Comment by mindmetoo — July 3, 2009 @ 7:54 am |
Mick – Yes, to my knowledge, cassettes were changed on the moon. However, I have no idea how many pictures were on each, nor how many they went through, and I could not find that information readily available in a quick search.
Karl – Yep, that’s a good example of a pretty bad photo. That apolloarchive.com site is the one that I use, too, and after just spending a few minutes browsing it, one can see that there are plenty examples of poor photos with (a) lens flares, (b) ghosting, (c) no subject, or combinations of the above.
Comment by astrostu206265 — July 6, 2009 @ 8:57 pm |
Very nice points. I’m gonna have to fave this blog.
Comment by sasracer — July 18, 2009 @ 2:12 pm |
COPY found on website:
I visited several official NASA websites to find HOW MANY PHOTOS WERE TAKEN on the surface of the Moon. Amazingly, NASA AVOIDS THIS SUBJECT almost entirely. Two days of searching documents and text were fruitless. But Lunar Surface Journal, one of the sites, lists every photo with its file number. So I undertook to make an actual count of every photo taken by astronauts DURING EXTRA-VEHICULAR ACTIVITY (EVA), the time spent on the surface out of the LEM.
Here is my actual count of EVA photos of the six missions:
Apollo 11……….. 121
Apollo 12……….. 504
Apollo 14……….. 374
Apollo 15……….1021
Apollo 16……….1765
Apollo 17……….1986
So 12 astronauts while on the Moon’s surface took a TOTAL of 5771 exposures.
That seemed excessively large to me, considering that their TIME on the lunar surface was limited, and the astronauts had MANY OTHER TASKS OTHER THAN PHOTOGRAPHY. So I returned to the Lunar Surface Journal to find how much TIME was available to do all the scientific tasks AS WELL AS PHOTOGRAPHY. Unlike the number of photos, this information is readily available:
Apollo 11……..1 EVA …..2 hours, 31 minutes……(151 minutes)
Apollo 12……..2 EVAs…..7 hours, 50 minutes……(470 minutes)
Apollo 14……..2 EVAs…..9 hours, 25 minutes……(565 minutes)
Apollo 15……..3 EVAs…18 hours, 30 minutes….(1110 minutes)
Apollo 16……..3 EVAs…20 hours, 14 minutes….(1214 minutes)
Apollo 17……..3 EVAs…22 hours, 04 minutes….(1324 minutes)
Total minutes on the Moon amounted to 4834 minutes.
Total number of photographs taken was 5771 photos.
Hmmmmm. That amounts to 1.19 photos taken EVERY MINUTE of time on the Moon, REGARDLESS OF OTHER ACTIVITIES. (That requires the taking of ONE PHOTO EVERY 50 SECONDS!) Let’s look at those other activities to see how much time should be deducted from available photo time:
Apollo 11……….Inspect LEM for damage, deploy flag, unpack and deploy radio and television equipment, operate the TV camera (360 degree pan), establish contact with Earth (including ceremonial talk with President Nixon), unpack and deploy numerous experiment packages, find/document/collect 47.7 pounds of lunar rock samples, walk to various locations, conclude experiments, return to LEM.
Apollo 12……….Inspect LEM for damage, deploy flag, unpack and deploy radio and television equipment (spend time trying to fix faulty TV camera), establish contact with Earth, unpack and deploy numerous experiment packages, walk to various locations, inspect the unmanned Surveyor 3 which had landed on the Moon in April 1967 and retrieve Surveyor parts. Deploy ALSEP package. Find/document/collect 75.7 pounds of rocks, conclude experiments, return to LEM.
Apollo 14……….Inspect LEM for damage, deploy flag, unpack and deploy radio and television equipment and establish contact with Earth, unpack and assemble hand cart to transport rocks, unpack and deploy numerous experiment packages, walk to various locations. Find/document/collect 94.4 pounds of rocks, conclude experiments, return to LEM.
Apollo 15……….Inspect LEM for damage, deploy flag, unpack and deploy radio and television equipment and establish contact with Earth, unpack/assemble/equip and test the LRV electric-powered 4-wheel drive car and drive it 17 miles, unpack and deploy numerous experiment packages (double the scientific payload of first three missions). Find/document/collect 169 pounds of rocks, conclude experiments, return to LEM. (The LRV travels only 8 mph*.)
Apollo 16……….Inspect LEM for damage, deploy flag, unpack and deploy radio and television equipment and establish contact with Earth, unpack/assemble/equip and test the LRV electric-powered 4-wheel drive car and drive it 16 miles, unpack and deploy numerous experiment packages (double the scientific payload of first three missions, including new ultraviolet camera, operate the UV camera). Find/document/collect 208.3 pounds of rocks, conclude experiments, return to LEM. (The LRV travels only 8 mph*.)
Apollo 17……….Inspect LEM for damage, deploy flag, unpack and deploy radio and television equipment and establish contact with Earth, unpack/assemble/equip and test the LRV electric-powered 4-wheel drive car and drive it 30.5 miles, unpack and deploy numerous experiment packages. Find/document/collect 243.1 pounds of rocks, conclude experiments, return to LEM. (The LRV travels only 8 mph*.)
Let’s arbitrarily calculate a MINIMUM time for these tasks and subtract from available photo time:
Apollo 11….subtract 2 hours (120 minutes), leaving 031 minutes for taking photos
Apollo 12….subtract 4 hours (240 minutes), leaving 230 minutes for taking photos
Apollo 14….subtract 3 hours (180 minutes), leaving 385 minutes for taking photos
Apollo 15….subtract 6 hours (360 minutes), leaving 750 minutes for taking photos
Apollo 16….subtract 6 hours (360 minutes), leaving 854 minutes for taking photos
Apollo 17….subtract 8 hours (480 minutes), leaving 844 minutes for taking photos
So do the math:
Apollo 11…….121 photos in 031 minutes…………3.90 photos per minute
Apollo 12…….504 photos in 230 minutes…………2.19 photos per minute
Apollo 14…….374 photos in 385 minutes…………0.97 photos per minute
Apollo 15…..1021 photos in 750 minutes…………1.36 photos per minute
Apollo 16…..1765 photos in 854 minutes ………..2.06 photos per minute
Apollo 17…..1986 photos in 844 minutes ………..2.35 photos per minute
Or, to put it more simply:
Apollo 11……..one photo every 15 seconds
Apollo 12……..one photo every 27 seconds
Apollo 14……..one photo every 62 seconds
Apollo 15……..one photo every 44 seconds
Apollo 16……..one photo every 29 seconds
Apollo 17……..one photo every 26 seconds
So you decide. Given all the facts, was it possible to take that many photos in so short a time?
Any professional photographer will tell you it cannot be done. Virtually every photo was a different scene or in a different place, requiring travel. As much as 30 miles travel was required to reach some of the photo sites. Extra care had to be taken shooting some stereo pairs and panoramas. Each picture was taken without a viewfinder, using manual camera settings, with no automatic metering, while wearing a bulky spacesuit and stiff clumsy gloves.
The agency wants the world to believe that 5771 photographs were taken in 4834 minutes! IF NOTHING BUT PHOTOGRAPHY HAD BEEN DONE, such a feat is clearly impossible…made even more so by all the documented activities of the astronauts. Imagine…1.19 photos every minute that men were on the Moon –- that’s one picture every 50 SECONDS!
The secret NASA tried to hide has been discovered: The quantity of photos purporting to record the Apollo lunar EVAs could not have been taken on the Moon in such an impossible time frame. So why do these photos exist? How did these photos get made? Did ANY men go to the Moon? Or was it truly the greatest hoax ever?
Comment by Dick — July 21, 2009 @ 6:46 am |
Dick, I’m not going to address every single point that the person you quoted but did not give attribution to stated. This is for two simple facts. First, I already address this and several of the other points you raise in my various posts. Second, they are stating unsupported ideas and factual errors, as mindmetoo mentioned below.
For example:
(1) There were two astronauts, so already you can double the time between photos.
(2) I am reasonably close to a professional photographer (as in I’ve been paid for my photography services, but I do not count on it for my primary income). And I can easily say that it can easily be done. Even when I used film, I could snap off at least 1 photo every second if I wanted to take a picture of a random scene just to document that I was there.
(3) The places that they traveled were to do experiments, not just take photos and then do experiments elsewhere. Only weirdos like me take trips to places just to do photography.
(4) Stereo pairs: Point, click, step to the side, click, done. Panoramas: Point, click, rotate, click, rotate, click, rotate, click, … done. This does not require extraordiary “extra care” to do.
(5) Hence, as I have argued and, well, ANY PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER will tell you, it is very possible to have 2 people take a total of 5771 photographs in 4834 minutes if they are just doing photos and nothing else. In fact, if it takes them longer, you need to get a new photographer. Ask ANY wedding photographer how many pictures they take during formals and a 1-hour ceremony.
(6) There’s video. You can see how long it took to do things that the original author mentioned. And the time they think it took is very over-estimated, especially when keeping in mind that there were TWO astronauts on the surface.
Comment by astrostu206265 — July 21, 2009 @ 7:21 pm |
Dick, I’m wondering how the author of what you posted arrived at the conclusion it took x amount of time to do all the tasks you claimed, other than guessing. And like Stuart notes, did the author take into account there are two people. While one person is doing x, the other person is taking photos.
Comment by mindmetoo — July 21, 2009 @ 7:11 pm |
This is also one of the sillier claims. I remember once a friend’s ex GF invited me to spend the Canada day long weekend with her in Edmonton. She was a friend also and there was no hanky panky involved but my male friend probably wouldn’t be too thrilled if I was going to visit his ex. He’d likely assume I was going there to bang her. Anyway, I told my male friend I was going to Houston for the weekend to visit a woman he knew I had romantic interest in.
When I returned, he asked if I had any photos of Houston. Errr. Now my dodge was not to find and fake 5431 photos of Houston and give them to him as proof I went to Houston. I claimed “you know I really didn’t have a lot of time to take errr touristy photos nudge nudge” *insert sounds of rusty bed springs squeaking*
It seems to me “our boys were a little busy with science stuff to take 5431 holiday photos” would be a great cover and NASA could release a few dozen perfectly staged photos, you know with the shadows all going the right way and the flag in proper shadow and all the other crap hoaxers say should be really seen on those photos. You know “reality”. Right?
Comment by Karl — July 22, 2009 @ 6:25 am |
hmmm, great post
Comment by Rigmagaus — July 25, 2009 @ 2:29 am |